Introduction to instrumentation system
Instrumentation systems are used to measure, monitor, and control physical quantities like temperature, pressure, flow, and level. These systems consist of sensors, transducers, signal conditioners, and display or control units. They are essential in industrial processes, ensuring accuracy, safety, and efficiency.
This course introduces the basic concepts, components, and applications of instrumentation systems in engineering.
1. Definition and Purpose of Instrumentation
1.1. Basic Elements of an Instrumentation System
An instrumentation system typically consists of the following key elements:
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Sensor / Transducer
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Detects a physical quantity (e.g., temperature, pressure) and converts it into a measurable electrical signal.
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Example: Thermocouple, strain gauge
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Signal Conditioner
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Processes the signal from the sensor by amplifying, filtering, or converting it to a suitable form for display or control.
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Example: Amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters
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Display / Output Device
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Presents the measured value in a readable format or transmits it to a control system.
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Example: Digital display, recorder, control panel
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Control System (optional in closed-loop systems)
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Compares measured values with desired values and takes action to maintain system stability.
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Example: PID controller
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