Introduction to instrumentation system
| Site: | kaizen18.gnomio.com |
| Course: | kaizen18.gnomio.com |
| Book: | Introduction to instrumentation system |
| Printed by: | |
| Date: | Sunday, 13 July 2025, 12:48 AM |
Description
Instrumentation systems are used to measure, monitor, and control physical quantities like temperature, pressure, flow, and level. These systems consist of sensors, transducers, signal conditioners, and display or control units. They are essential in industrial processes, ensuring accuracy, safety, and efficiency.
This course introduces the basic concepts, components, and applications of instrumentation systems in engineering.
1. Definition and Purpose of Instrumentation
Definition:
Instrumentation refers to the science and technology of measuring, monitoring, and controlling physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, flow, level, and speed using instruments or devices.
Purpose:
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To measure variables accurately in engineering and industrial processes
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To monitor system performance for safety and efficiency
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To control operations automatically using feedback systems
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To ensure quality and consistency in production and testing
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To provide data for analysis, decision-making, and troubleshooting
1.1. Basic Elements of an Instrumentation System
An instrumentation system typically consists of the following key elements:
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Sensor / Transducer
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Detects a physical quantity (e.g., temperature, pressure) and converts it into a measurable electrical signal.
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Example: Thermocouple, strain gauge
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Signal Conditioner
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Processes the signal from the sensor by amplifying, filtering, or converting it to a suitable form for display or control.
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Example: Amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters
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Display / Output Device
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Presents the measured value in a readable format or transmits it to a control system.
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Example: Digital display, recorder, control panel
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Control System (optional in closed-loop systems)
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Compares measured values with desired values and takes action to maintain system stability.
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Example: PID controller
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